Art Midterm Essays - Culture, Arts, Composer, Gargoyle,

Art Midterm Organization: Northeastern University Subject: art midterm Art Music and Drama midterm MUS 1109 fall 1996 1:Fundamentals in music P_____________ R_____________ M_____________ 2:Middle ages Plainchant means________ in music. What materials did stone carvers use?___________ What purposes did gargoyles have?____________ 3:The renaissance means___________ The technical advances in art were: They are P___________ and C_________ Did michealangelo invent the telescope__________ tapestries were used as what purpose________ 4:BAROUQE If a pearl was baroque how did that metaphor get translated into the art? Three important composers were H_________ B___________ V_____________ 5:Embellishments were necessary because the instruments from this period were delicate and keep the sound alive composers added them TRUE or FALSE 6:Dutch paints emphasized different values from their Italian counterparts. This was due to a change in religious mores TRUE or FALSE

Computer Culture essays

Computer Culture essays Computers have a great effect on the way we live our lives today. From writing documents to banking, computers are integrating themselves into our daily tasks more and more every day. There are several important aspects of the computer age, including the internet, banking and communications. The internet is the fastest growing economy in the world, mostly because of its ease of use, and its vast audience. For the last seven years, the internet has more than doubled in growth and profits every year. Every day, there are new companies being created and making profits over the internet. This is because of the low cost of setting up and advertising. The internet is also rapidly becoming the major means of purchasing for millions of people all over the world. This number is only going to increase as more people become computer literate. A major concern for people purchasing products or services over the internet is security. Most people think that using credit cards on the internet is unsafe, when in reality it is more safe than using it at a local grocery store or gas station. This is because when a person submits their credit card information over the internet, it is encrypted and sent securely, while when they use it at a grocery store, anyone can view the inform ation. New uses for the internet are being discovered all the time. For instance, the digital music revolution is in progress right now. There are major lawsuits being issued by major record labels against certain internet organizations such as Napster and MP3.com. Almost every person who knows about electronic music uses it, so this makes a major impact on the sales of CDs and cassettes. Other than electronic music, almost every other industry is benefiting from the internet. For instance, the internet auction company EBAY is one of the biggest companies in the world now. They offer the advertisement of products and services to be auctioned to everyone. This...

Short story Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Short story Critique - Essay Example The effectiveness of the ending is reduced by the language which falls short of the easy flow of the earlier part of the story. However, Virula does succeed in arousing the readers’ curiosity as to why Freddie objects to his Aunt’s church. The weaknesses of the story are (1) there is a sudden change in tense: â€Å"He wipes his sweaty hands on his jeans and gently picked up Robocam† (2) There is a tendency to repeat words in a sentence: â€Å"with Willie in front of him and Tia Eva in front of both of them† (3) There are some glaring errors in punctuation (â€Å"Freddie held robocam in it’s camera form†). The story can be improved by editing the last paragraph, which does not measure up to the writing in the earlier part of the story and has grammatical errors. Inserting necessary commas and making the sentences shorter will add more clarity to the narration. Elizabeth Hall’s beginning is definitely a powerful hook as it leads the reader straight into a dramatic situation, tinged with the suggestion of violence. It also skillfully introduces the profession and personality of the protagonist. The ending is too â€Å"in-your-face† for me. It could be more subtle. Nick’s ranting is out of character with the dignity Hall has given him earlier. His position is already clear to the reader and does not have to be spelled out so explicitly. The weaknesses of the story are (1) Some glaring errors in logic: â€Å"he drove home to the same domesticity, cycling in guilt.† (2) Repetition: â€Å"bought a historic home in the historical Pinch District.†(3) Errors in punctuation, particularly in the use of commas. The story’s strengths are (1) Excellent, detailed descriptions and good similes: â€Å"yellow hair stuck to her head like a layer of enamel.† (2) A sophisticated story line (3) Great depiction of Valerie’s descent into hypochondria. The story can be improved by making drastic changes in the conclusion. The ending should be

Architectural Theory Analytical paper about specific article and Assignment

Architectural Theory Analytical paper about specific article and theory - Assignment Example rence material which Venturi produced is good because it pertains a variety of issues involved when it comes to confronting a term like postmodernism, which constitutes many tangents and a voluminous paper. My focus in the presentation will be on the issue which inspired this project. When analyzing Ducks and Decoration, we see that Robert Venturi believes that there is a prevalent misconception concerning his work. So how did this come about? The concern is, at very least, challenging to layout and attack methodically as it usually is with most things related with the term Postmodern. The complexity is in the fact that the word and what it explains are used in a vast number of ways. People avoided using the term at all in scholarship which was actually most helpful due to its amorphous nature. Its imprecision really doesnt assist with your point if you are scrupulous. The term postmodern means something rather particular when one is talking about architecture. Postmodern, in the most usual parlance when describing an architectural style which means a style on or of a building built in the past 40 years which incorporates references to past non-modern styles, usually the classical. We can site a very common example of what is architecturally and stylistically postmodern; this is the 80s pastel. This is a classical ornament covered Plaza d Italia located in New Orleans which is the work of Michael Graves. This proposal she ds some light on what it we refer to by ducks and decoration, which basically being an architect is working in a postmodern style. Ducks and decoration is on the basis of postmodernism and perhaps it will come out as very surprising and interesting to know that in the September 2001 issue of Architecture magazine, titled postmodernism, Robert Venturi, who is known to be prolific and groundbreaking architect with a legacy assured, among his notable achievements is being the winner of the Pritzker Prize and former professor of architecture at

Observation Mini-Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Observation Mini-Study - Research Paper Example Using direct observation as the main approach to data collection, the researcher sought to establish whether the hypothesis of racial disparity in the sitting arrangement existed, and possibly find ways of resolving the issue by creating race parity. The researcher sought permission from the university and the management of a middle-level restaurant existing near the university well in advance prior to the study. The restaurant is situated a few miles from the university, a development that limited research-related costs upon the researcher. Sitting comfortably at the back of the restaurant between 11:00pm and 4:00pm, the researcher gathered information about the sitting arrangements, the people’s behavior and what they were saying. The outcomes revealed that in deed more whites preferred executive seats and tables stationed at the front part of the restaurant with more adequate spaces between them and tended to refer to the other races in derogatory remarks like â€Å"front seats are for whites†. In light of this, people of color including Hispanics, blacks, Africans, and Asians found themselves relegated at the back of the restaurant where the furniture were more closely-packed. This finding lends credence to the hypothesis that racial disparity plays out in the sitting arrangement of people in US restaurants. Observation as a method of research has merits and demerits. A major merit of conducting observation research is that the researcher can record what they see and hear as the focus group goes about their normal activities in real life situations, rather than relying on what they say they do (Maxfield, & Babbie, 2010). As Maxfield and Babbie (2010) have pointed out, in Criminology, observation is the main source of securing information, especially in situations where approaching criminal suspects for interview or written responses is less likely to precipitate

Causes of the Zika Virus Spread

Causes of the Zika Virus Spread A worldwide epidemic of the Zika virus has plagued the Pacific Islands, the Americas, and some African and Southeast Asiatic countries. Currently, Brazil holds the highest record of Zika virus-positive cases in Latin America which have devasted and terrified the nation. The World Health Organization (WHO), an organization of the United Nations (UN), has announced Zika virus infection as a newly arising disease to be managed and also a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)(Gulland, 2016). In general, Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus which is also related to other flaviviruses such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus (Lanciotti RS, 2008; Scaramozzino, Crance, Jouan, DeBriel, Stoll, Garin, (2001)). Clinical complications namely, the Guillain-Barre syndrome, congenital syndromes, miscarriages, and even death have been correlated with Zika virus infections. Zika virus is not a new virus. In fact, it has been discovered and documented more than 50 years ago. Only recently, it has gained unparalleled attention and has created such global alarm by the global health community.   The first human illness caused by Zika virus infection was first recorded in 1953 in Nigeria (MacNamara, 1954). By September 2015, investigators in Brazil saw an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly which is one of the clinical complications linked with Zika virus infections. By mid-February 2016, over 4300 cases of microcephaly had been recorded (Victora, Schuler-Faccini, Matijasevich, Ribeiro, Pessoa, Barros, (2016)). The question that now reflects in peoples mind would be, what are the causes of the spread of Zika virus mosquitoes? There are many causes of the rapid dissemination of this virus, but the more major reasons are the carriers of the disease, the abundance of breeding ground, and climate change. Firstly, the main reason for the spread of this virus would most evidently be the mosquitoes infected with the Zika virus. Not all mosquitoes act as carriers but the predominant vector responsible for the spread is the yellow fever mosquito or in scientific terms, the Aedes aegypti mosquito which is also a primary vector for the transmission of dengue throughout the globe. According to Dasti, before the outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil, distribution of Aedes aegypti has been predicted across different continents. Based on the entomological data available, it is shown that high concentration of this species in Brazil might be the main contributor to the outbreak and also the rapid dissemination of Zika virus infection across the country (Kraemer, Sinka, Duda, Mylne, Shearer, Barker, Hendrickx (2015)). Fortunately, the Aedes aegypti mosquito does not tolerate colder climates and is currently limited to tropical and subtropical regions of the globe (Brown, Evans, Zheng, Obas, Barreraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Martinez, Egizi, Powell, (2014)). There are also other potential species of Aedes mosquitoes which can also transmit the virus such as Aedes furcifer, Aedes metallicus, Aedes africanus, and Aedes hensillican. Another cause of the outbreak is the abundance of breeding grounds which plays a significant role in the reproduction and spread of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which are the primary carrier of the Zika virus. In the past 50 years, there was an explosion in the number of plastic containers which have created an abundance of ideal larval habitat for the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Residents in countries that has little awareness and education about the importance of hygiene and sanitation have taken their cities and towns for granted and have caused their community to be a perfect breeding ground for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Troncoso has identified several containers such as bottles, bottle caps, buckets, basins, empty tin cans, puddles, pots, barrels with water, containers on the roof to collect rainwater, tanker, used tires, and other artificial containers that can hold water (p. 522). Troncoso has also discovered common city areas with high concentrations of people such as bus stations, p arks, and schools are potential sites for mosquito breeding (p. 522). Breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes can be found all around the house also. Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes lay eggs in water stored containers, which creates the opportunity for breeding. Furthermore, according to Alcides, cemeteries can also be considered as an excellent location for breeding of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Results of over 30 studies from the last decade related to mosquitoes in cemeteries have been published. In general, cemeteries are very suitable habitats for mosquitoes that thrive in artificial containers given the broad availability of sources they need. It is recommended that getting rid of unused containers and daily change water trough for animals and vases can reduce the risk of Zika infection (Ayorinde, Oboh, Otubanjo, Alimba, Odeigah, 2014). Any stagnant water could be a breeding ground for mosquitoes and majority of them are caused by man (Kilpatrick Randolph, 2012; Vasilakis, Cardos a, Hanley, Holmes, Weaver, 2011). Besides that, climate change is a crucial factor that can worsen the spread of the Zika virus. The Zika epidemic further proves that climate change is beginning to affect human health. According to the United Nations (UN), the rise in temperatures enhances the breeding and transmission of the Zika virus. The worsening climate increases the frequency of natural disasters all around the world which can be more devasting to countries with a poorer infrastructure (Troncoso, 2016, p. 521). According to Troncoso, the transmission of infectious diseases such as dengue or Zika is sensitive to climatic situations (p. 521). The ever changing climatic environment which includes temperature, humidity, rainfall, and soil humidity can affect the viruses that are transferred by insects (Brady, Golding, Pigott, Kraemer, Messina, Reiner Jr, Hay, 2014). Warming of tropical and sub-tropical climates has improved the condition for Zika carrying Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to breed. Climate change has ampl ified the health risks of the poorest people, who are vulnerable and in jeopardy from the significant increase in disease by the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Human activities such as massive deforestation and dam construction have caused the extinction of natural predators and changed the biodiversity which has increased the risk of exposure to mosquitoes. Residents of countries which have tropical or sub-tropical climates and have difficult access to health care will suffer the most severe consequences (p. 522) of this disease (Johansson, M. A., Dominici, F., Glass, 2009). Consequently, as Troncoso (2016) confirms, climate changes is a potentially very important factor. that can bring new epidemics of Zika and even the risk of a pandemic worldwide (p. 521). In conclusion, evidence has shown that the outbreak of the Zika virus is the consequence and mistakes of our improper handling in the past, also with the current environmental factors. Unfortunately, the current generation has to suffer the adverse effects of the spread of this disease. Zika virus is a major global health problem that has already spread to different regions on Earth and is anticipated to spread more rapidly given the fact that the virus can be transmitted sexually and by mosquito bites. The global health community has a responsibility to research and develop a solution to solve this problem as we have little knowledge about the virus. For the meantime, people should take extreme precaution when traveling to countries which have significant cases of Zika virus infection. Carrying the disease back home would be the last thing you want to do.

Religion and Commerce in Early Modern Europe Essay -- European History

Class discussions about religious history inevitably turn to the question of whether religious ideals throughout history remain absolute or are relative to the social, political and economic trends of the time. For example, students are sometimes disturbed to learn that in early Christian history, conversion was often in response to economic or political benefits rather than religious fervor. Naturally, at the Catholic prep school where I teach, students want to believe religious ideals and rhetoric are absolute. Yet, when studying the role of religion in shaping societies, one cannot help but be struck by the fluidity of religious rhetoric. Although such a discovery may be obvious to some, it is important for students to understand that we still live in a world where people make important social and political decisions based on moral absolutes, with an insistence on traditional and unchangeable religious values. It is essential, therefore, that teachers of religious history promote discussion on the possible flexibility of religious ideologies: is religious rhetoric part of an unwavering, scriptural tradition, or do those who practice religion create the rhetoric? Moreover, do human self-interest and socio-economic change always trump religion? Are social ideologies always stronger than religious tradition? After studying the creation of a modern industrial economy in Europe for these five weeks, I am convinced that analyzing the evolution of religious rhetoric in early modern Europe, which is such a transitional phase of history, can illuminate how social, political, economic and cultural change can guide or completely alter the morals and ideologies of a society. Eric Hobsbawm and Keith Wrightson both argue th... ...New Press, 1999. Lynn, Martin. â€Å"British Policy, Trade, and Informal Empire in the Mid-Nineteenth Century.† In The Oxford History of the British Empire, the Nineteenth Century, vol III, edited by Andrew Porter, 101-121. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. More, Thomas. Utopia. Translated by Paul Turner. London: Penguin Books, 2003. O’Brien, Patrick. â€Å"Inseparable Connections: Trade, Economy, Fiscal State, and the Expansion of Empire, 1688-1815.† In The Oxford History of the British Empire, The Eighteenth Century, vol. II, edited by P.J. Marshall, 54-77. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. ____. â€Å"Mercantilism and Imperialism in the Rise and Decline of the Dutch and British Economies 1585-1815.† De Economist 148, no. 4 (2000): 469-501. Wrightson, Keith. Earthly Necessities. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000.

Radical Feminism Versus Liberal Feminism

Feminist theories are an extension of feminism into theoretical and philosophical discourse. They aim at understanding of the nature of gender inequality . They in turn examine women’s social roles and life experiences . While in general some provide a critique of social relationships . Most feminist theories also focus on analysing gender inequality and the promotion of women’s rights, interests and issues . Among such theories are the Liberal feminism and the Radical feminism theories. While Liberal and Radical feminism both seek to ensure that women have access to resources and human rights in a gender equal environment they however do not necessarily employ similar methods in achieving these results. Each has its own distinct reason behind whatever methods they engage to achieve their goals. Wikipedia the free internet dictionary defines feminism as â€Å"the belief that women have equal political, social, and sexual, interlectual and economic rights as men do. It a discourse that involves various movements, theories and philosophies which are concerned with the issues of gender differences . The adaptation of the equality for women and the campaign for women’s rights and interests†. Ritzer (1992) indentifies feminism as that board of theories which analyse the social world of the point of views of women and other minority groups and the major objective is to investigate the situations and experience of women in diverse societies. Britannica encyclopaedia indentifies the term feminism as used to describe a political or economic, cultural, or economic movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protection for women. It involves political, cultural sociological theories . As well as philosophises concerned with issues of gender differences. It also is a movement that advocates for women’s rights and interests. Patriarchy according to Robert (1991) is â€Å"derived from a Greek word Patria means father and arche means to rule, beginning, and origins. A male head of the family excising autocratic authority or by extension a member of the ruling class, government of a society controlled by senior men. † Scafer (2000) describes a radical group as a group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences. According to Bryson in Haralambos and Holborn (2000), â€Å"radical feminism is a theory that views women as an oppressed group which has to struggle for its liberation against its oppressors. † According to Harton and Hunt , â€Å"a liberal is one who accepts the social system as basically sound but feels that extensive reforms maybe needed. † Liberal feminism is the first form of feminism recorded; it asserts the equality of men and women, through political and legal reform. It’s mostly individualistic thus it focuses mainly on women’s ability to show and maintain their equality through their own action and choices . It looks closely at the interactions that occur between men and women in the public sphere . Liberal feminism cites such interactions as the starting ground from where to transform society into a more gender equitable place . However other issues important to liberal feminists also include reproductive rights , abortion access, sexual harassment voting , education , fair compensation for work , affordable health care , and bringing to light the frequency of sexual and domestic abuse against women. This philosophy tends to have a neutral vision towards different gender. It requires women to mould themselves to fit a citizenship that already exists. On the other hand Radical feminism is a movement that got its inspiration largely from the Marxist theory. It addresses issues Liberal feminism overlooked. It is a â€Å"current† within feminism that pays a great deal of attention to the theory of patriarchy. According to Haralambos, Horlborn and Heald (2000), â€Å"Radical feminism blames the exploitation of women on men. † The term Radical is derived from the Latin word Radix, radic, meaning the root. Radical feminist strongly believe that the root cause of the oppression of women emanates from the patriarchal society that they exist in. The main perpetrators being male. They identify patriarch as a system of power that organises society into a complex of relationships based on an assumption of males being the more superior of the sexes. The end result in such societies is the oppression of women by men . Radical feminists identify only one solution, to challenge and completely overthrow patriarchy by whatever means possible . Including opposing standard gender roles. Whatever they see as male oppression of women calls for a reordering of society†, Wikipedia the internet free dictionary. Liberal feminists generally work for the eradication of institutional bias and the implication of better laws. They legally challenge ideas and practices that result in women being seen as second class citizens. They do not challenge capitalism, patriarchy or any other fundamental structures of society. They a dvocate for transformational changes. Liberal feminists wish to achieve gender equality by working with the system rather than over throwing it , or example liberals do not call for the abolishment of the marriage institution instead they want the institution to be structured in such a way that it is not oppressive and imbalanced . In contrast Radicals are extremists and they strongly believe in a revolutionary change. Radicals on the left wing according to Henslin (1995) believe that subjugation of women is the most basic and fundamental cause of oppression. Radicals therefore believe that the only way to deal with that oppression is to have a complete radical change . They unlike the liberals, they call for the eradication of the existing structures that result in women being oppressed. Campbell and Warsaw (1970) postulate that radical feminism aims to challenge and over throw patriarchy, opposing gender roles and what they identify as male oppression of women. Liberal feminist movement is preferred by government than other forms of feminism movement’s. The liberals see value in working with the system therefore usually the liberal feminists work hand in hand with the governments. For example in the United States of America Liberal Feminism have historically worked for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment which ensures that men and women are treated as equals under democratic laws that also influence important spheres of women’s lives including reproduction, work and equal pay. In Britain they supported such measures as the Sex discrimination Act (1975) and the Equal Pay Act (1970) in the hope that these would help end discrimination. Were as radical feminists don’t work closely with the government and neither does the government desire to work with them. To them the government also represents within it patriarch. At the same time the government views the radicals more often than not undesirable as they advocate certain changes that do not necessarily work hand in hand with what the government desires. Most times conflict occurs between the two. Radical feminism places emphasis on the oppression of women by men . This idea distinguishes the Radical theory from the Liberal theory as the later concentrates on the oppression of both men and women. Unlike the radical feminists, liberal feminist take into consideration less dominant men who are oppressed by other men. Thus liberals view gender inequality as power that men have as a group over women and also the power that some men have over women. According to Valerie Bryson (1999) radical feminists see women as an oppressed group who had to struggle for their own liberation. Radical feminists view society and especially the society and especially the family as the key institution oppresses women in modern society. Similarly, liberal feminist also believe that the social system catalyses gender inequality. They believe that society should not impose separate roles for women and those they should be allowed to compete freely with men and they should enjoy the same privileges and opportunities. Radical feminists challenge and thrive to completely over throw patriarchy, by opposing the normal gender roles. They believe that male domination over women is as a result of gendered roles. Such roles have a diminishing effect on the importance of women is society. They argue that men exploit women because of the free domestic labour that they provide. Women are excluded from other important issues such as politics and positions of power and influence. On the same note liberal feminists identify gender roles as one of the main reasons responsible for gender inequality. They believe that childhood conditioning prepares the children for the inflexible and rigid gender roles that they take up in the future. Valarie Bryson (1999) identifies Radical feminism, â€Å"it tends to ignore variations in experience of oppression of women of different classes and ethnic background. Radical feminism originated from the west. Most radicals are white hence radical feminism tends to concentrate on those problems that affected the white women. Very little attention is paid to those that affected the black women. Similarly, liberal feminism originates from the western hemisphere hence most who subscribe to this school of thought are white women . According to Giddens (2004), â€Å"liberal feminists aim for gradual change in the political, economic and social systems of western societies. † Therefore liberal feminism too tends to ignore the experiences of women in other societies. The liberal feminists have played a huge rule in ensuring that women in Zimbabwe have access to resources and opportunities . They set up organisations that see to the welfare of women. For example the Musasa Project. This project aids mostly women who would have been subjected to violence and the aid is for free. It has assisted women to come to terms with issues such as physical abuse by spo uses and boyfriends as well as to help them realise that it is not right them to be abused in such ways. Likewise radical feminists have fought for women to have equal access as men to resources. Through doing so several groups have been formed by the Radical feminists in Zimbabwe organisations such as WOZA and Girl Child. WOZA, Women of Zimbabwe Arise is an organisation that was started in 2003 by women who felt compelled to empower female voices in Zimbabwe. Their main objective was to achieve social justice for women as well as to provide them with a forum on which they could speak about the things they want for their country. In conclusion both liberal and radical feminism provide women all over the world with a platform to share their experiences. They both involve the formation of organisations that provide a voice for women to be heard. While Liberal feminists challenge only ideas and practises that treat women as second class citizens. They concentrate mostly on the public sphere issues, for example representation off women in politics and women being paid equal salaries with men when performing similar jobs. While on the other hand the radical feminists challenge the private interaction that exists between men and women. They concentrate on the private sphere issues, for example non-rights to sexuality, rape and violence. The end of the day both theories work towards enabling women to achieve their full potential REFERANCES_ _ Charvet . J. (1982) Morden Ideologies Feminism En. wikipedia. org/wiki/Feminism Haralambos, M and Holborn. M, (2000) Sociology ;Themes and perspectives. Harper Collins, London _Henslin, J, M, (1995). Sociology :Alyn and Bacon London_ Rizter, G. (1992) Sociological Theory. McGraw-Hill, Ino, New York. _ _Schaefer R. T (2004) Sociology ; A Brief Introduction 5th Edition , McGraw , New York_ Giddens A Sociology 4_th Edition (2004) Blackwell Publishing _ Warsley , P. (1970). Introducing Sociology. Prengin Books, New York WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA NAME ; Ndafadzwa Chuchu PROGRAM; Bsc (Hons) Management and Entrepreneurial Dev_ _ ID NUMBER ; WMG0308090028 LEVEL _ ; _1. 2 MODULE ; Gender in Enterprise *LECTURER *; Mrs Kashora QUESTION ; Compare and contrast Radical and Liberal Feminism

Induction Program Essays

Induction Program Essays Induction Program Essay Induction Program Essay Although orientation programs are design to reduce stress associated with starting the new job, quite often new employees are presented with huge amount of information and procedures, compressed into short brief which only increases the level of anxiety their experience. It is up to management to find the right balance. In Australia where unemployment Is at Its lowest mark since 1974 and stands at Just 4 per cent, staff shortages in hospitality Industry are significant (Austin, 2008). Keeping the new employees at the Job by developing well-designed orientation program Is than vital. The purpose of this paper is to develop an induction plan for the first month of work for a restaurant hostess. To do so a short description of a restaurant and few assumptions are needed. Restaurant is located in historic Rocks area in Sydney. It is a busy restaurant with capacity of 800 guests. Big terrace has about 350 seats and caters for a la carte customers, inside of the restaurant holds up to 450 guests and is mainly used for weddings and various functions. Open for business 7 days and nights. First two days of the orientation program would be away from normal, everyday duties and delved Into three and five hour blocks. DAY 1 (3 hours) On the flirts day new employee will get familiar with the organization and the property as a whole. Main occupational health and safety issues will be also discussed. General Manager is going to conduct the general property orientation and cover topics such as: Restaurants mission statement Management philosophy Personal forms polices and procedures Role of employees In meeting company goals Relations between guest and employee People AT teen company History An employee should benefit from this part of induction by having better understanding of companys expectations of them. Employee feels how important and valuable he/she is for an organization. Motivation and commitment is also established at this stage. General safety and emergency procedures should be than introduced (appendix 3). For example: Always clean up spills and breakages immediately. It is usually someone else that gets hurt. Dispose of broken glass or breakages in proper receptacles. Inform managers of any accidents immediately. Know where the fire extinguishes and exits are. Report any hazards to your OCHS committee member and/or manager. If an injury occurs at work o must complete an accident form. It is employer responsibility to ensure that employees have appropriate OCHS skills and is regulated by the NEWS OCHS act. Induction program provides organization with the opportunity to train new staff in accordance with their OCHS policy and programs (Work Cover NEWS, 2003). It is advisable that this information is presented in written and verbal form, and supported by a tour of the property. Orientation kits are given to the Hostess to support discussed matters, such as policies and procedures (appendix 3) and information about hostess training (appendix 1). Orientation kits enable employees to reflect on the information and think of questions they may want to ask. DAY 2 (5 hours) Second day of orientation program will focus on topics directly related to Job performance. Responsibilities presented in Job description will be analyses. As for the Restaurant Hostess main duties would be to greet and seat guests, offer menus, let them know who their waiter is and farewell them. Busiest time for the hostesses is between 12. 30-1. Pm for lunch and 7. 30-9. Pm for dinner, after that time pressure is shifted to the floor staff. New hostess should get familiar with number of tasks which may assist with overall service of the guests (appendix 1): Re setting tables Running food Running drinks Clearing tables Taking orders Polishing cutlery Folding napkins Washing glasses t Is a general practice Tort nosecones to perform canceling or receptionist Gutless rater they get to know reservation system of the restaurant. By allowing the hostess working one shift per week as for example receptionist, apart from sense of variation it also gives them physical and mental break from usual duties. Being on their feet for up to 8 hours and smiling on the same time could be tiring. Therefore general cross-training should be provided and run by receptionist/cashier. Importance of grooming and appearance (aesthetic values) should be underlined (appendix 1). For example: black shoes, long pants (no Jeans, hipsters or mid drifts), ironed black long sleeve shirt. Hair neatly tied back, minimum Jewelry. No oversized earnings. Subtle make up and clear nail polish. Importance of body language and being hospitable should be brought forward. The nature of hospitality industry is working with the public. High level of general and personal hygiene as well as safety is than essential. Hostess is then introduced to people she will work and interact with as well as to office workers (Function Managers, Wedding Coordinators). This aspect is in particular important since Hostess is usually the first person customer faces when coming to the restaurant. Hostess should know how to deal with people coming for a meeting with MM, trying to sell something, asking for a Job or inquiring about wedding or function. Various policies and procedures are discussed, including those related to start and finishing times, rosters, holiday requests, sickness, payroll, superannuation, staff meals, staff concessions and trial period (appendix 3). It is important to take that part of orientation seriously, but unfortunately many managers tend to delegate closest available employee to help with induction process. The opportunity of directly influence employee behavior is than lost. OCHS issues differ for specific Job areas. They are outlined to the new employee it detail on the second day of induction program. In a particular restaurant analyses in this paper Hostess can be exposed to number of hazards: UP radiation (Restaurant front-desk is situated outside) wet environments Animal and insect bites Lifting and shifting tables Assaults Outside gas heaters Uneven surface Hot, cold and Appropriate control measures are than introduced and discussed. Minimizing UP exposure Protective clothing Ann-insect sprays Proper posture when lifting Handling difficult guests and complains Following manufacturer/supplier procedures when using special equipment Avoid running and wearing high hills I newer are many advantages Tort provoking detective Neal Ana estate training. Companys image is enhanced; costs related to labor turnover, accidents and absenteeism are reduced; employee satisfaction is improved; and main goals and objectives of the company are meet more effectively and efficiently (Work Cover NEWS, 003). Importance of creating safety culture in the company is great. During remaining 28 days of induction program, main focus would be laid on close supervision. Managers will observe and assist the new employee in the process of learning the new Job. While performance of the new employee increases, time spent on watching and helping new employee should decrease (Woods, 2002). The best and effective way for a new hostess to learn her Job is to observe and work with more experience worker (Head Hostess). Some organizations call it buddy program and in this case such program would be appropriate. In practice managers tend to make the mistake of roistering new hostess alone for the lunch shifts Monday to Thursday because is not busy. Inexperienced hostess is than confronted with unfamiliar and new scenarios and quite often various mistakes occur, which could cost company lost business or bad image. After about a week of on the Job training, manager should have a meeting with the new employee and discus the progress to date and talk about expectations towards him in the future. Formal, first appraisal should take place at the end of the orientation program and could be marked as an end point of he process. Managers could than present the new hostess with a short test to determine level of orientation. Job related questions and case scenarios could be included in the test. For example, what do you do in a situation when: There is a booking for 15 people on a busy Saturday night for pm, at 7. 20 they are still not here. Peak hour at the restaurant, someone is enquiring about Job vacancies. Family birthday party, couple of kids are running around bare foot. Customer tells you about his food allergies while you sitting him. Queue at the door is getting big and you can not cope. Drunk and abusive arson approaches front desk. New employees who are adequately orientated should answer those questions correctly. At that time decision about the future of the new employee have to be made. Companies who have well-designed and developed induction programs are more likely to perform better in a competitive hospitality industry. Orientation programs are especially important to big organization as it is fairly easy for a new employee to disappear in the crowd. Some sophisticated new workers can trick the management by well performing only when they know that they are being watched. Induction orgasm help companies keep valuable workers and avoid getting stuck with someone they do not want, before is too late.

The Meaning and Origin of the Last Name Ramirez

The Meaning and Origin of the Last Name Ramirez Ramirez is a patronymic name meaning son of Ramon or son of Ramiro, a given name meaning wise protector,  from the Germanic elements ragin, meaning counsel and mari, meri,  meaning fame. The name is said to have originated with the   Visigoths, a Germanic goth tribe that settled in the Iberian Peninsula (present-day Spain and Portugal) during the 5th century. Ramirez is the 42nd most popular surname in the United States, the 10th most common surname in Mexico and the 28th most common surname in Spain. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Portuguese Alternate Surname Spellings:  RAMIRES, REINMER, REMER, REIJMERS, REYMERS, REMIREZ Famous People With the Last Name Ramirez Sancho Ramà ­rez  - King of Aragon (1063–1094) and King of Navarre (1076–1094)ngel de Saavedra y Ramà ­rez de Baquedano  - Spanish poet and politicianAramis Ramà ­rez - Dominican former MLB professional baseball playerJosà © Ramà ­rez - founder of  Ramà ­rez GuitarsManny Ramirez  - Dominican American former MLB professional baseball playerLuis Ramà ­rez de Lucena - 16th-century Spanish chess grandmaster Where Do People With the Ramirez Surname Live? The surname distribution data at  Forebears  ranks Ramirez as the 140th most common surname in the world, identifying it as most prevalent in Mexico and with the highest density in Costa Rica. The Ramirez surname is the 7th most common last name found in Colombia, 8th in Costa Rica, 9th in Mexico and Guatemala, and 10th in Paraguay. The Ramires spelling is much less common, ranking 10,317th in the world, and is most prevalent in Portugal and Brazil. Within Europe, Ramirez is most frequently found in Spain, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the Canary Islands and the southern provinces of  Cdiz,  Mlaga,  Jaà ©n, and Sevilla in the Andalucia region. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Ramirez 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? 100 Most Common Spanish SurnamesHave you ever wondered about your Spanish last name and how it came to be? This article describes common Spanish naming patterns and explores the meaning and origins of 100 common Spanish surnames. How to Research Hispanic HeritageLearn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country-specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean and other Spanish speaking countries. Ramirez Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Ramirez family crest or coat of arms for the Ramirez surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   Ramirez Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Ramirez surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Ramirez query. FamilySearch - RAMIREZ GenealogyAccess over 5.8 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Ramirez surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. RAMIREZ Surname Family Mailing ListsThis free mailing list for researchers of the Ramirez surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archive of past messages. DistantCousin.com - RAMIREZ Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Ramirez. The Ramirez Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Ramirez from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Discuss the arguments for and against the use of toluidine blue Essay

Discuss the arguments for and against the use of toluidine blue staining as a screening method for oral cancer in dental practic - Essay Example This paper elucidates on the arguments for and against the use of toluidine in screening for oral cancer. The use of toluidine blue in uterine and oral cancer screening was pioneered by Richart in 1962. A 1% aqueous solution of toluidine blue is painted over the target area for ten seconds followed by a rinse of 1% solution of acetic acid. The toluidine blue binds to the DNA on surface cells, causing the surface to take on a bluish hue. The amount of DNA material present may be used as an indication of suspected dysplasia or neoplasia (Richart 1962). 2.0. Arguments for toluidine screening Jones and Rankin (2008) consider toluidine blue staining as a diagnostic aid for the dental professional in the evaluation of the possible malignancy of oral lesions. The potency of staining with toluidine blue has been likened to that of brush biopsy in terms of early detection, speeding up of biopsy and subsequent diagnosis of oral cancer. Application of aqueous toluidine blue to a lesion followed by a rinsing of 1% acetic acid results in selective binding with dysplastic and malignant cells accurately. The blue stain also marks a good site to extract for biopsy. Extreme care should, however, be practiced to ensure that the dye is neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic for best results. Patton, Epstein and Kerr (2008) performed a systematic review of literature related to several adjunctive techniques used in the early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions or OPML, such as toluidine blue. A total of 23 articles were reviewed wherein the majority focused on the use of toluidine blue. Results of the review revealed the effectiveness of toluidine blue in diagnosing oral premalignant and malignant lesions in high-risk populations and suspected mucosal lesions. However, clinicians are advised not rely much on diagnostic adjuncts alone. A complete oral mucosal examination is recommended together with specialty referrals or tissue biopsy to correctly diagnose OPML. Epste in, Silverman, Epstein, Lonky and Bride (2008) evaluated the effects of ViziLite, a chemiluminiscent light source in conjunction with toluidine blue in the process of verifying lesions identified by oral soft tissue examinations. Lesion assessment by chemiluminiscense combined with toluidine blue staining was compared with conventional visual examination. Subsequently, the suspected lesions were subjected to biopsy and diagnosed through conventional histopathological methods. Moreover, toluidine staining was performed on lesions related to severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and squamous cell carcinoma. Results of the assessment show an improvement in the brightness and sharpness of margin in 60 out of 97 identified lesions that underwent the chemiluminiscent exam. Meanwhile, toluidine staining exhibited a false positive rate of 55.26% while maintaining a 100% negative predictive value (Epstein, Silverman, Epstein, Lonky and Bride 2008). Fedele (2009) described toluidine blue as an indispensable tool in identifying the area damaged by a malignant lesion due to its ability to stain nucleic acids. This effect makes it easier to remove malignant lesions since toluidin blue clearly marks the boundaries of the lesion, thus allowing precise excision. Recent studies on the use of toluidine blue were rather limited due to the dearth of research efforts in relation to randomized controlled trials, histological diagnosis

Sex and Violence in Popular Culture Research Paper

Sex and Violence in Popular Culture - Research Paper Example The paper focuses on the influence of popular culture on the controversial societal issues like sex and violence. Before going on the discussion, the terms sex, violence and popular culture will be defined first as the meanings contribute to the understanding of the subject matter. Sex is usually equaled to gender as they are interchangeably used in everyday conversations. In reality, sex and gender are different. The former relates to physiological characteristic as the latter is a social concept. Sex is also an act that shows physical contact for procreation. Gender depends upon sets of social norms affected by culture and tradition that set apart males from females (Wilson 1-2). The other term to define is violence. Violence responds to conflict as harm is afflicted physically, emotionally or mentally on other people as a result of human action. Violence includes social injustices such as racism and poverty (Daoust 290). Both of them are linked to popular culture. Popular culture deals with the everyday living of people as the theme reflects the lives of the common people (Browne 5). The study deals with the negative effects of the prevailing images shown by the popular culture to the increasing cases of sex and violence as the two societal problems occur in the recent years in response to what the majority people believe. As people throughout their lives seek for learning about the world and its meanings, interactions happen as the humans in the society share experiences. People have roles to play in their lives as the society dictates as standards and acceptable behavior. The roles do not have strict and rigid boundaries as people can have various roles that show flexibility. People can take charge of their lives and choose particular roles to play. Play is important in socialization and building of the personalities of people as personalities affect the roles that people play. In terms of personality traits, the gender is also affected. Nowadays the avail ability of television programs and video games are widely used by people for information and relaxation. Such popular media affect the roles of women as the video games portray women maintaining beauty and men protecting women even with the use of violence (Dietz 425-426). The portrayals in videogames become very blatant as more people, the young and the old make use of the high technology games for their relaxation. Video games pose hazards in the view and existence of sex and violence as they portray women as sex objects and men as aggressive in nature. The games also show some gender inequality as women are underrepresented in games according to several video game magazines used in the studies done by Dill and Thill. Both the magazines and the games featured there make use of stereotypes in portraying masculinity and femininity like scanty clothes for female characters and brutal weapons for male characters (Dill and Thill 858-859). Stereotypes generalize the categories for showi ng what men and women must be and what they must be not. In reality, it would be impossible to make use of those stereotypes as people are different from one another. Violence and sex were also seen in a particular videogame called Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas as the protagonist or the controllable in-game character is an African-American who encounters racism, violence, sex and all other societal problems on his way home. Black males were